Glosario

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Término / Definición
Abolitionism: A movement to end the slave trade and emancipate slaves in Western Europe and the Americas.
Albion: This is the oldest known name of the island of Great Britain. Today, it is still sometimes used poetically to refer to the island.
Anglo Saxon Chronicle: It is a collection of annals in Old English chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons. The annals were created in the 9th century during the reign of Alfred the Great.
Apprentice Boys: Protestant defenders of Derry, slammed the town gates shut when Jacobite forces approached in 1688.
Archive: A collection of documents and records.
Arminianism: A school of esotericism within Protestant Christianity based on the theological ideas of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius (1560-1609).
Autobiography: An individual's account of their life.
Axis: The Fascist and imperialist powers in World War II
Bibliography: A list of works, including books, journals and essays, on a particular subject.
Biography: An account of an individual's life, written by another person.
Black Cabinet: Group of black public figures, both in and outside the federal government, who advised Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt during the New Deal
Black codes: State laws passed by former Confederate states in 1865-6 to control the behaviour of ex-slaves
Black Death: It was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is widely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
Blitz: Bombing by German planes during the Second World.
Bloody Sunday: Either the massacre of unarmed civilians by crown forces in Croke Park (Dublin, 1920) or the massacre of unarmed civilians by British paratroopers in Derry (1972).
Book Review: A critical examination of a text, usually including a summary of the work and opposing views.
Brain Trust: Team of advisors formed by Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Cavaliers: The supporters of the King were called Cavaliers because many of them fought on horseback. The term comes from the French 'chevalier' meaning 'horse'.
Charter Colonies: Colonies established by a royal patent.
Close: Generally small area of enclosed land.
Context: The background and specific circumstances of a subject, such as an author's lifestyle, or the weather during a train crash.
Craft Union: Type of union organized workers who shared a common trade or line of work, and excluded unskilled workers.
Crash of 1929: The 1929 stock market plunge, which precipitated the Great Depression.
Discipline: The study, or practice, of a subject using a specific set of methods, terms and approaches. History is a discipline.
Domesday Book: The Domesday Book is the record of the great survey of England completed in 1086, executed for William I of England, or William the Conqueror.
Druids: Ancient Celtic priestly order in France, Britain, and Ireland, respected for their learning in astronomy, law, medicine, for their gift of prophecy, and as lawgivers and leaders.
Easter Rising: The ill-fated armed insurrection in Ireland of 1916.
Enclosure: Land enclosed from the 'waste.'
Encyclopaedia: A written reference work composed of informative articles arranged alphabetically.
Fair New Deal: Numerous laws concerning employment conditions and social problems recommended by Truman.
Federalism: The Constitution’s system of sharing authority between the national and state governments.
Fidei Defensor: ‘Defender of the Faith’ has been one of the titles of the English and later British and Commonwealth monarchs since it was granted on October 17, 1521, by Pope Leo X to King Henry VIII of England.
Fireside chats: Informal radio messages by F.D. Roosevelt.
Franchise: Statutory right or privilege granted to a person or group by a government, especially the rights of citizenship and the right to vote.
Free State: Ireland self-ruled but nominally under British control.
Gold Standard: Placing currency on par with gold.
High Church: The term has traditionally been associated with the Anglican theology and practice. Although used by several Protestant Christian denominations.
Historian: An individual who studies the past.
Historiography: Either the methods and principles used in the study of history, or the written result.
History: Either the study of the past, or the product of our attempts to understand the past in order to understand the present.
Home Rule: Self-government in local matters by a city or county that is part of a national government.
Interdisciplinary: The study, or practice, of a subject, which applies the methods and approaches of several disciplines.
Jacobites: Supporters of King James against King William.
Jim Crow Laws: Statutes imposing segregation in the South of the United States. The term first appeared in the 1890s.
Journal: A periodical, which normally deals with a specific issue, for instance, National Geographic.
Mercantilism: An economic philosophy which primary goal is to increase national wealth through a favourable balance of trade
Middle Passage: The Transatlantic voyage of ships in the Slave Trade
Multiculturalism: The belief that several different cultures can co-exist peacefully and rightfully in a single country.
New Deal: Economic programs and political policies during F.D. Roosevelt’s Presidency to end the Great Depression
Ogham: Early Medieval alphabet used primarily to represent the Old Irish language. Ogham is sometimes referred to as the "Celtic Tree Alphabet", based on a tradition ascribing names of trees to the individual letters.
Open shop: A labour contract in which a worker has the freedom to refuse to join a union
Plantagenets: The House of Plantagenet or First House of Anjou was a royal house founded by Henry II of England, son of Geoffrey V of Anjou. The name is derived from the plant common broom, which is known in the Latin language as planta genista.
Plantation: Colonization and conquest of Ireland by English and Scottish settlers from 1556 to 1660.
Quakers: ‘The Religious Society of Friends’ is a worldwide religious movement, members of which are formally known as Friends or informally known as Quakers.
Roundheads: In the English Civil Wars, Parliamentarians were nicknamed ‘roundheads’ because they cut their hair very short.
Segregation: The practice of limiting physical contact or personal interaction between races
Trail of Tears: Migration of Cherokee Indians to Oklahoma in 1836
Underground Railroad: A semi-secret network of routes and hiding- stations used by free blacks and white abolitionist to help slaves escape to free states or Canada.
Union shop: A contract that obligates all workers to join the union that negotiated it
Yellow-dog contract: A labour contract that enabled employers to dismiss a worker who joined a labour union